Measuring metal-contamination: new method allows for inexpensive, accurate and rapid characterisation of metal-contaminated sites
· A new method for assessing metal-contaminated sites allows for rapid, high-resolution characterisation of metal-contaminated sites, at a fraction of the cost
· The method incorporates increased sampling at contaminated sites, lowering sampling and site uncertainties, and leading to greater confidence in decision-making
A new accurate, rapid and inexpensive method for assessing metal-contaminated sites has been trialled by environmental scientists from Macquarie University, Sydney. The method uses a combination of portable X-ray Fluorescence technology (pXRF) – a popular on-site contamination-measuring system – with conventional laboratory analysis to accurately measure the extent and distribution of metal contamination at a site.
“Metal-contaminated sites are often haphazard when it comes to the distribution of metal contaminants, making it problematic for investigators when they are limited by the costs associated with analysing a large number of samples in the lab. As such, investigators are expected to attempt to characterise contaminated sites with a limited number of laboratory measurements to save on costs,” said lead author Marek Rouillon.
“On the other hand, when investigators are free to take a large number of measurements to determine the contamination at a site, they gain a greater understanding of the extent and distribution of the contamination, therefore lowering the risk of site misclassification, “ Rouillon added.
As a result, the researchers wanted to develop a way to measure more samples using a rapid on-site measurement method that produced results in an accurate and more cost effective manner than current techniques allowed.
“To achieve this, we decided to integrate the advantages of in-situ pXRF, an inexpensive measurement method that can be done on-site allowing investigators to collect real-time data, with the more thorough laboratory analysis technique of ICP–MS,” explained Rouillon.
The study, published in the journal of Environmental Pollution, demonstrated that 20 second in-situ pXRF measurements can be corrected to align with a small subset of ICP–MS data, allowing for the accurate, rapid and inexpensive high resolution characterisation of metal-contaminated sites. The researchers found that sampling (not analysis) contributes the greatest uncertainty towards measurements, and should be estimated at each metal-contaminated site.
“Measuring contaminants in real-time using in-situ pXRF enables efficient, on-site decision making for further sampling, without the need to return to the site,” explained Professor Mark Taylor. “This is an incredibly useful way to go about testing for metal contamination at a site.”
The researchers emphasise that the new method has several benefits including superior site characterisation, greater soil-mapping resolution, reduced uncertainty around the site mean and reduced sampling uncertainty.
“Our in-situ pXRF/ICP–MS method not only generates superior site assessment information for more confident decision making, but is less expensive when compared to the current standard practice of merely sampling and off-site laboratory measurements,” concluded Rouillon.
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